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2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(3): 426-429, July-Sep. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761944

ABSTRACT

Cervical adenitis >1.5cm in diameter is the less frequently observed criteria in patients with Kawasaki disease and it is usually found in association with other symptoms during the acute phase. Moreover, the finding of fever and lymphadenitis with intense local signs of inflammation and phlegmon is rarely seen as the initial manifestation of Kawasaki disease. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who had cervical lymphadenitis with adjacent cellulitis and phlegmon mimicking bacterial adenitis as the first presentation of Kawasaki disease. The patient had fever, cervical lymphadenitis with adjacent cellulitis, and severe headache. Cefadroxil was prescribed based on the clinical diagnosis of bacterial adenitis. Because he remained febrile and phlogistic signs worsened, after 1 day of hospitalization, antibiotics were administrated intravenously (ceftriaxone and oxacillin). The computed tomography of the neck showed primary infectious/inflammatory process. On the fourth day, the patient had dry and scaly lips, and treatment with oxacillin was replaced by clindamycin because the patient was still febrile. On the ninth day, he presented non-exudative bilateral conjunctival injection. On the tenth day of febrile disease, a rash appeared on his trunk, hands and feet. Patient’s symptoms resolved after intravenous administration of immunoglobulin (2g/kg/dose), and he was discharged 2 days later. On the 14th day, the patient had lamellar desquamation of fingers. Kawasaki disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with febrile cervical lymphadenitis unresponsive to empiric antibiotics even if they have adjacent cellulitis and phlegmon.


Adenite cervical >1,5cm é o critério menos frequentemente observado em pacientes com doença de Kawasaki e manifesta-se habitualmente em associação com os demais sintomas da fase aguda. Entretanto, linfadenite febril isolada com intensos sinais flogísticos e flegmão é raramente observada como primeira manifestação da doença de Kawasaki. Assim, relatou-se aqui um caso de uma criança que apresentou linfadenite cervical com celulite adjacente e flegmão mimetizando adenite bacteriana como primeira manifestação da doença de Kawasaki. Paciente previamente hígido, 7 anos, masculino, iniciou quadro de febre, adenite cervical com celulite adjacente e cefaleia intensa, sendo prescrita cefadroxila devido ao diagnóstico clínico de linfadenite bacteriana. Por se manter febril e com piora dos sinais flogísticos, após 1 dia foi internado para receber antibioticoterapia endovenosa (oxacilina e ceftriaxona). Tomografia computadorizada da região cervical mostrou processo infeccioso/inflamatório primário. No quarto dia, apresentou lábios ressecados e descamativos, sendo a oxacilina substituída por clindamicina devido à persistência da febre e sinais flogísticos. No nono dia, iniciou hiperemia ocular não exsudativa. No décimo dia de febre, apresentou exantema em tronco, membros, mãos e pés. Recebeu gamaglobulina endovenosa (2g/kg/dose), evoluiu com resolução dos sintomas e, após 2 dias, recebeu alta hospitalar. No 14odia, apresentou descamação lamelar dos dedos das mãos. Portanto, doença de Kawasaki deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das linfadenites cervicais febris na infância não responsivas à antibioticoterapia empírica, mesmo que esteja presentes celulite adjacente e flegmão.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Cellulitis/diagnosis , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis , Cellulitis/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Fever/complications , Fever/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Lymphadenitis/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/drug therapy , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/drug therapy
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 17(3): 283-312, May-June 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-676866

ABSTRACT

Candida infections account for 80% of all fungal infections in the hospital environment, including bloodstream, urinary tract and surgical site infections. Bloodstream infections are now a major challenge for tertiary hospitals worldwide due to their high prevalence and mortality rates. The incidence of candidemia in tertiary public hospitals in Brazil is approximately 2.5 cases per 1000 hospital admissions. Due to the importance of this infection, the authors provide a review of the diversity of the genus Candida and its clinical relevance, the therapeutic options and discuss the treatment of major infections caused by Candida. Each topography is discussed with regard to epidemiological, clinical and laboratory diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations based on levels of evidence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Candidiasis , Societies, Medical , Brazil , Candida/classification , Candidiasis/diagnosis , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Candidiasis/microbiology
6.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(4): 498-501, Oct.-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662483

ABSTRACT

Patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma are more susceptible to infections which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated to this disease. The main infectious agents involved are Gram-positive bacteria. However, after chemotherapy an increase in the incidence of Gram-negative strains is observed. These bacteria are also responsible for most cases of urinary tract infections. Here is reported a rare case in a 73-year-old man with multiple myeloma who developed endocarditis due to pseudomonas.


Pacientes diagnosticados com mieloma múltiplo são mais suscetíveis a infecções, que é a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade associadas a essa doença. Os principais agentes infecciosos envolvidos são as bactérias Gram-positivas, mas, após a quimioterapia, pode haver aumento na incidência de Gram-negativos, que são responsáveis, na maioria dos casos, por infecções do trato urinário. Assim, descrevese um raro caso de um paciente de 73 anos de idade, com mieloma múltiplo diagnosticado com endocardite por pseudomonas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Mitral Valve/microbiology , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Pseudomonas Infections/complications , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
7.
J. bras. nefrol ; 33(2): 136-141, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593886

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A emergência do surto pandêmico de influenza A, subtipo H1N1, em abril de 2009, representou um grande desafio para a logística de saúde pública. Embora a maioria dos pacientes infectados apresente manifestações clínicas e evolutivas muito semelhantes às observadas na influenza sazonal, um número significativo de indivíduos evolui com pneumonia e insuficiência respiratória aguda severa. O impacto da infecção pelo vírus influenza A, subtipo H1N1, em pacientes imunossuprimidos não é determinado. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo, foram analisadas a apresentação clínica e a evolução da influenza A, subtipo H1N1, em 19 receptores de transplante renal. Os pacientes receberam confirmação diagnóstica pela técnica de RT-PCR. O manejo clínico incluiu terapêutica antiviral com fosfato de oseltamivir e antibióticos. RESULTADOS: A população estudada foi predominantemente de indivíduos do sexo masculino (79 por cento), brancos (63 por cento), com idade média de 38,6 ± 17 anos e portadores de pelo menos uma comorbidade (53 por cento). A infecção por influenza A, subtipo H1N1, foi diagnosticada em média 41,6 ± 49,6 meses após o transplante. Os sintomas mais comuns foram: tosse (100 por cento), febre (84 por cento), dispneia (79 por cento) e mialgia (42 por cento). Disfunção aguda do enxerto foi observada em 42 por cento dos pacientes. Cinco pacientes (26 por cento) foram admitidos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, dois (10 por cento) necessitaram de suporte com ventilação invasiva e dois (10 por cento) receberam drogas vasoativas. A mortalidade foi de 10 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: A disfunção aguda do enxerto renal foi um achado frequente, e as características clínicas, laboratoriais e evolutivas foram comparáveis às da população geral.


INTRODUCTION: The emergence of the pan>demic outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in April, 2009, represented a logistic challenge for public health. Although most infected patients presented clinical and evolutionary manifestations which were very similar to seasonal influenza, a significant number of individuals developed pneumonia and severe acute respiratory failure. The impact of influenza A (H1N1) in immunocompromised patients is not well established yet. METHODS: This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentations and evolution of influenza A (H1N1) in 19 kidney transplant recipients. Influenza A (H1N1) infection was confirmed by RT-PCR in all patients. Treatment included antiviral therapy with oseltamivir phosphate and antibiotics. RESULTS: The studied population was compounded mostly of white people (63 percent), males (79 percent), at a mean age of 38.6 ± 17 years and patients with at least one comorbidity (53 percent). Influenza A (H1N1) infection was identified 41.6 ± 49.6 months after transplantation. Common symptoms included cough (100 percent), fever (84 percent), dyspnea (79 percent), and myalgia (42 percent). Acute allograft dysfunction was observed in 42 percent of the patients. Five patients (26 percent) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, two (10 percent) required invasive ventilation support, and two (10 percent) required vasoactive drugs. Mortality rate was 10 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Acute renal allograft dysfunction was a common finding. Clinical, laboratory, and evolutionary characteristics were comparable to those in the general population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Immune Tolerance/physiology , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/metabolism , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
8.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 9(2)abr.-jun. 2011. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-594921

ABSTRACT

Objective: To report the experience of a tertiary care hospital with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with primary immunodeficiencies. Methods: Seven pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiencies (severe combined immunodeficiency: n = 2; combined immunodeficiency: n = 1; chronic granulomatous disease: n = 1; hyper-IgM syndrome: n = 2; and IPEX syndrome: n = 1) who underwent eight hematopoietic stem cell transplants in a single center, from 2007 to 2010, were studied. Results: Two patients received transplants from HLA-identical siblings; the other six transplants were done with unrelated donors (bone marrow: n = 1; cord blood:n = 5). All patients had pre-existing infections before hematopoietic stem cell transplants. One patient received only anti-thymocyte globulin prior to transplant, three transplants were done with reduced intensity conditioning regimens and four transplants were done after myeloablative therapy. Two patients were not evaluated for engraftmentdue to early death. Three patients engrafted, two had primary graft failure and one received a second transplant with posterior engraftment. Two patients died of regimen related toxicity (hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome); one patient died of progressive respiratory failure due to Parainfluenza infection present prior to transplant. Four patients are alive and well from 60 days to 14 months after transplant. Conclusion: Patients' status prior to transplant is the most important risk factor on the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplants in the treatment of these diseases. Early diagnosis and the possibility of a faster referral of these patients for treatment in reference centers may substantially improve their survival and quality of life.


Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de um hospital terciário no tratamento de pacientes pediátricos com imunodeficiências primárias com transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas. Métodos: De 2007 a 2010, foram realizados oito transplantes em sete pacientes pediátricos com imunodeficiências primárias: imunodeficiência combinada grave (n = 2); imunodeficiência combinada (n = 1); doença granulomatosa crônica (n = 1); síndrome hiper-IgM (n = 2); síndrome IPEX (n=1). Resultados: Dois pacientes foram transplantados com medula óssea de irmãos HLA-idênticos; seis transplantes foram feitos com doadores não aparentados (medula óssea: n = 1; sangue de cordão umbilical: n = 5). Todos os pacientes haviam tido episódios de infecção grave previamente ao tratamento. Um paciente recebeu apenas globulina antitimocítica antes do transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas, três transplantes foram feitos com quimioterapia de intensidade reduzida e quatro após quimioterapia mieloablativa. Dois pacientes morreram precocemente e não foram avaliados em relação à enxertia. Três pacientes tiveram enxertia completa, dois evoluíram com falha primária de pega, um deles recebeu um segundo transplante com pega do enxerto. Dois pacientes morreram de toxicidade do transplante (síndrome da obstrução sinusoidal hepática), um paciente morreu de insuficiência respiratória por infecção por parainfluenza já existente antes do transplante. Quatro pacientes estão vivos e bem entre 60 dias e 14 meses após o transplante. Conclusão: A condição do paciente ao transplante é o fator mais importante no sucesso do tratamento. O diagnóstico precoce dos pacientes e a possibilidade de encaminhá-los mais rapidamente para tratamento em centros de referência podem melhorar substancialmente a sobrevida e a qualidade de vida deles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(3): 339-345, May 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589044

ABSTRACT

Liver transplant seems to be an effective option to prolong survival in patients with end-stage liver disease, although it still can be followed by serious complications. Invasive fungal infections (ifi) are related to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of fungal infections in Brazilian liver transplant recipients is unknown. The aim of this observational and retrospective study was to determine the incidence and epidemiology of fungal infections in all patients who underwent liver transplantation at Albert Einstein Israeli Hospital between 2002-2007. A total of 596 liver transplants were performed in 540 patients. Overall, 77 fungal infections occurred in 68 (13 percent) patients. Among the 77 fungal infections, there were 40 IFI that occurred in 37 patients (7 percent). Candida and Aspergillus species were the most common etiologic agents. Candida species accounted for 82 percent of all fungal infections and for 67 percent of all IFI, while Aspergillus species accounted for 9 percent of all fungal infections and for 17 percent of all IFI. Non-albicans Candida species were the predominant Candida isolates. Invasive aspergillosis tended to occur earlier in the post-transplant period. These findings can contribute to improve antifungal prophylaxis and therapy practices in Brazilian centres.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver Transplantation , Mycoses , Postoperative Complications , Brazil , Incidence , Liver Transplantation/mortality , Mycoses , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Time Factors
11.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 13(5): 330-334, Oct. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-544984

ABSTRACT

Although the introduction of alcohol based products have increased compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units (ICU), no comparative studies with other products in the same unit and in the same period have been conducted. We performed a two-month-observational prospective study comparing three units in an adult ICU, according to hand hygiene practices (chlorhexidine alone-unit A, both chlorhexidine and alcohol gel-unit B, and alcohol gel alone-unit C, respectively). Opportunities for hand hygiene were considered according to an institutional guideline. Patients were randomly allocated in the 3 units and data on hand hygiene compliance was collected without the knowledge of the health care staff. TISS score (used for measuring patient complexity) was similar between the three different units. Overall compliance with hand hygiene was 46.7 percent (659/1410). Compliance was significantly higher after patient care in unit A when compared to units B and C. On the other hand, compliance was significantly higher only between units A (32.1 percent) and C (23.1 percent) before patient care (p=0.02). Higher compliance rates were observed for general opportunities for hand hygiene (patient bathing, vital sign controls, etc), while very low compliance rates were observed for opportunities related to skin and gastroenteral care. One of the reasons for not using alcohol gel according to health care workers was the necessity for water contact (35.3 percent, 12/20). Although the use of alcohol based products is now the standard practice for hand hygiene the abrupt abolition of hand hygiene with traditional products may not be recommended for specific services.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Disinfectants/administration & dosage , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Hand Disinfection/methods , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence , Gels/administration & dosage , Infection Control/methods , Intensive Care Units/standards , Prospective Studies
12.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 7(4)2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541636

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To report the initial experience on robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in Brazil. Methods: From March 2008 to March 2009, a hundred patients were treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Patients demographic data, as well as perioperative results of the procedures, are described in this study. Results: Patients mean age and mean PSA were 58 years and 7.58 ng/ml, respectively. All procedures were performed through transperitoneal approach, with a mean bleeding of 480 mL and surgical time of 298 minutes. A surgical margin affected by cancer was present in 16% of the cases. There were four complications: bleeding requiring transfusion (two cases), rectal perforation corrected on the spot and inadequate functioning of the robot. There was no conversion to another access or obit occurrences in this caseload. Conclusions: Robot-assisted prostatectomy is a reality in Brazil and the results herein presented demonstrate that this procedure can be safely performed. Long-term follow-up is still necessary to assess the oncological and functional outcomes.


Objetivo: Relatar a experiência inicial de prostatectomia radical robô-assistida realizada no Brasil. Métodos: No período de março de 2008 a março de 2009, cem pacientes foram tratados com a prostatectomia radical robô-assistida. Os dados demográficos dos pacientes, assim como os resultados perioperatórios dos procedimentos, são descritos neste estudo. Resultados: A média de idade e PSA dos pacientes foi de 58 anos e 7,58 ng/ml, respectivamente. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados por via transperitoneal, com sangramento médio foi de 480 ml e tempo cirúrgico de 298 minutos. A presença de margem cirúrgica comprometida por câncer ocorreu em 16% dos casos. Ocorreram quatro complicações: sangramento com necessidade de transfusão (dois casos), perfuração retal corrigida no ato e funcionamento inadequado do robô. Não houve conversão para outro acesso ou óbitos nesta casuística. Conclusões: A prostatectomia robótica é uma realidade no Brasil e os resultados apresentados demonstram que este procedimento pode ser realizado com segurança. Seguimento a longo prazo ainda é necessário para avaliar os resultados oncológicos e funcionais.

13.
In. Medeiros, Eduardo Alexandrino Servolo de; Stempliuk, Valeska de Andrade; Santi, Leandro Queiroz; Sallas, Janaína. Uso racional de antimicrobianos para prescritores. São Paulo, Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde;Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária;Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública;Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2008. p.1-54.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485461
15.
J. bras. nefrol ; 18(2): 130-136, jun. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-217557

ABSTRACT

Para comparar a eficácia do método "shell vial assay" (SVA) em relaçao à detecçao de anticorpos anti-citomegalovirus (ELISA) para o diagnóstico da infecçao ativa pelo citomegalovírus (CMV), conduzimos um estudo prospectivo acompanhando 20 receptores de transplante renal até o 6§ mês após o transplante, com coleta rotineira de sangue e urina, além de avaliaçao clínica periódica. Noventa por cento dos pacientes entre doadores e receptores apresentava anticorpos anti-CMV antes do transplante. Após a realizaçao do transplante, 18/20 (90 por cento) dos receptores apresentou infecçao ativa pelo CMV, sendo apenas 2 destes pacientes sintomáticos (10 por cento). Das 18 infecçoes ativas, 3 foram infecçoes primárias (2 sintomáticas), sendo o enxerto o provável veículo. A detecçao de anticorpos fez o diagnóstico em 88,9 por cento dos casos, sendo que IgM foi detectada em 4 pacientes. O SVA fez o diagnóstico em 83,3 por cento dos casos, todos eles através de detecçao de virúria, nao havendo detecçao de viremia. Em 13 casos onde houve concordância entre os dois métodos, a detecçao de anticorpos diagnosticou a infecçao ativa em média 28 dias mais precocemente (50,8 X 78,5 dias, p=0,02). Concluímos que a infecçao ativa pelo CMV após transplante renal é extremamente frequente em nosso meio e que o SVA nao é superior à detecçao de anticorpos (ELISA) neste diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Kidney Transplantation , Cytomegalovirus Infections/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antibodies, Viral/urine
16.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 25(3): 171-5, jul.-set. 1992. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-141206

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 15 pacientes portadores de leishmaniose e 28 pacientes de paracoccidioidomicose, nas formas de acometimento de mucosa oronasofaringolaringeana, atendidas na Escola Paulista de Medicina de 1986 a 1990. Estes pacientes foram comparados com relaçäo às seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, tempo de evoluçäo da doença, topografia da lesäo e queixas clínicas. Sexo, tempo de evoluçäo da doença, topografia de lesäo em septo nasal, pálatos, língua e lábios, e queixa clínica com relaçäo a dor em cavidade oral, disfagia/odinofagia e obstruçäo nasal apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significante em sua ocorrência nos dois grupos de pacientes. Os autores consideram estes achados relevantes na diferenciaçäo clínica entre as duas moléstias


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/diagnosis , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Therapy, Combination , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/drug therapy
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